99
Unique studies
Evaluation and psychometric validity
Instruments and benchmarks examining what is measured, how reliably, and whether inferred or declared traits are stable and valid.
Explore trackCritical review · literature cutoff July 18, 2026
Critical evidence on synthetic personality in LLMs
An academic map of 370 unique studies. All 370 records were written after reading the full source and distinguish method, results, limitations, and what each study does not establish.
Research tracks
62
Unique studies
Trait induction and control
Prompting, fine-tuning, and editing activations or weights to elicit, represent, modulate, or suppress traits and behaviors.
Explore track66
Unique studies
Personas, identity, and agents
Design and evaluation of characters, profiles, and persistent agents, including role-play, personalization, memory, identity, and consistency.
Explore track43
Unique studies
Society, culture, and collective behavior
Use of LLMs to study or approximate human group opinions, values, and decisions, as well as multi-agent interaction, networks, and collective phenomena.
Explore track86
Unique studies
Applications, bias, and safety
Applications in health, education, recommendation, finance, and design, together with risks involving bias, discrimination, privacy, manipulation, and harm.
Explore track14
Unique studies
Reviews, theory, and governance
Field reviews, conceptual frameworks, methodological requirements, and proposals for responsible research and governance.
Explore trackLatest review added
HumanLLM: Benchmarking and Improving LLM Anthropomorphism via Human Cognitive Patterns
HumanLLM builds a synthetic corpus and two fine-tuned models for expressing combinations of psychological patterns in role-play conversations. Its taxonomy combines 100 unipolar Goldberg Big Five markers with 144 social-cognitive patterns retained from 232 candidates. For each pattern, Gemini Deep Search retrieves roughly 50 papers, references are manually filtered, and full text is sought, an abstract is retained wh…
Recently added articles
View allTrack: Evaluation and psychometric validity
Can LLMs Assess Personality? Validating Conversational AI for Trait Profiling
Track: Evaluation and psychometric validity
Evaluating Alignment of Behavioral Dispositions in LLMs
Track: Applications, bias, and safety
The Emergence of Lab-Driven Alignment Signatures: A Psychometric Framework for Auditing Latent Bias and Compounding Risk in Generative AI
Track: Evaluation and psychometric validity
Quantifying and Mitigating Socially Desirable Responding in LLMs: A Desirability-Matched Graded Forced-Choice Psychometric Study
Track: Society, culture, and collective behavior
When artificial minds negotiate: Dark personality and the Ultimatum Game in large language models
Track: Trait induction and control