This preprint evaluates whether several language-model-based methods can predict continuous Big Five scores from semi-structured interviews. The manuscript reports 518 adults, approximately 15 minutes of speech per participant, and BFI-10 self-reports as targets. Its sample size conflicts with its own demographics: 275 male + 278 female and 431 White + 122 non-White/other both total 553. It reports no trait means, standard deviations, ranges, two-item-scale reliability, missingness, or explanation of how 553 becomes 518 if both counts are meaningful. The BFI-10 is a validated human measure, but a brief self-report score is not observable personality “ground truth,” and the paper does not establish that a fifteen-minute interview contains enough signal to recover each trait. Four configurations are compared. GPT-4.1 Mini receives the transcript and simultaneously returns five 1–5 scores in half-point steps through either zero-shot prompting or a prompt asking it to summarize tone, identify cues, and justify scores. The paper calls temperature .2 deterministic, although .2 still samples and no repeated runs are reported. A second family adapts Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct separately for each trait using LoRA ranks 8, 16, and 32. For RoBERTa-base, overlapping transcript chunks are encoded, mean-pooled, and passed to a regression head; however, the method, Table 4, and Figure 3 alternate among RoBERTa, BERT, “embedding+LoRA,” and “LoRA-based” without clearly specifying which parameters are adapted. Finally, all-MiniLM-L6-v2 and text-embedding-3-small embeddings feed a multi-output Ridge regression with an 80/20 split. These are said to embed full transcripts without explaining truncation or aggregation despite MiniLM's context limit. The paper does not report LoRA/RoBERTa splits, seeds, stratification, validation selection, regularization, epochs, batch size, confidence intervals, or statistical comparisons. The strongest finding is negative: no Pearson correlation exceeds .255. For GPT-4.1 Mini zero-shot, Conscientiousness reaches r=.250 and Agreeableness .132; Neuroticism, Openness, and Extraversion are .065, .020, and .041. Chain-of-thought does not improve the set: .236, .133, −.009, .051, and .005, respectively. In the encoder/“BERT” table, the best values by trait are .197 for Extraversion, .173 for Agreeableness, .219 for Conscientiousness, .236 for Neuroticism, and .255 for Openness. Llama-LoRA peaks at .164 for Conscientiousness and produces several negative correlations. Static embedding regression also remains at or below .119: MiniLM ranges from −.069 to .112 and OpenAI from −.050 to .119. MAE tells a different story because some models predict near the scale center. GPT-4 has MAE below .6 only for Openness and above 1.2 for Conscientiousness and Agreeableness. OpenAI embeddings achieve .776 for Openness and .916 for Agreeableness, but 1.080 for Conscientiousness and above 1.2 for Extraversion and Neuroticism. In Figure 3, low values such as .431 on Openness coexist with null or negative r, which is compatible with regression to the mean rather than valid ranking of individuals. The text also attributes .431 at rank 8 and .493 at rank 16 to Llama and embedding+LoRA in ways inconsistent with the plotted curves, preventing a clean architecture comparison. No mean-prediction baseline is provided, although it is essential for deciding whether central MAE adds value, and no uncertainty is shown for correlations from a test set of roughly one hundred cases. Trait-level stories, such as attributing Conscientiousness to RLHF, Openness to imagination, or poor Extraversion to absent interaction, are speculative rather than tested. Overall, the paper offers a useful comparison and a defensible main conclusion: these methods recover BFI-10 scores poorly from the interviews. It does not show that the failure reflects a general lack of LLM psychological understanding or alignment rather than weak textual signal, BFI-10 noise, small samples, incomplete protocols, or calibration problems.
Research question
To what extent can GPT-4.1 Mini, models adapted with LoRA, and regressors over embeddings recover continuous BFI-10 scores from real semi-structured interviews?