Rethinking psychometrics through LLMs asks whether linguistic similarity among questionnaire items resembles the correlation structure of human responses and whether that relationship can predict responses to new items. It does not evaluate synthetic personality or an internal LLM trait: pretrained text representations are used to analyze human psychometric data. The matrix analyses use 1,015,341 web responses for a 50-item Big Five questionnaire and 39,775 for DASS-42; 1,000 observations from each source are sampled for prediction. Ten representations are compared: BERT, RoBERTa, DistilBERT, three Sentence-BERT models, T5 and three OpenAI embedding APIs. Pairwise cosine similarity is compared with the magnitude of empirical item correlation. With text-embedding-3-large, the most correlated item is among the three nearest semantic neighbors for 95.2% of the 42 DASS items and 82.0% of the 50 Big Five items. DASS results are Pearson r=0.77 and Spearman rho=0.73; Big Five results are r=0.67 and rho=0.64. This is useful evidence of correspondence between wording and covariance, but it does not identify causality: questionnaire items are deliberately written to express related facets and share construct content. The paper also forces three factors on the DASS semantic matrix, applies varimax rotation and displays loadings grouped by theoretical subscale. Without an independent factor-number criterion, congruence statistic, fit measure, null matrix or external validation, this illustrates alignment but does not show that semantic analysis independently discovers the structure or that semantics predetermines the construct. PsychoLLM is a lightweight network. It selects the target's three most similar items, transforms six similarities through a Dense(10, GELU) layer and a three-weight softmax, combines the three observed responses, and applies a custom ordinal layer. The supplement states learning rate 0.01, batch size 32 and three epochs. In Leave-One-Item-Out evaluation, PsychoLLM reaches MAE/MAPE 0.54/0.28 on DASS, nearly tied with gradient boosting at 0.55/0.28 and slightly worse than random forest at 0.53/0.26. On Big Five it reaches 0.78/0.35, worse than random forest at 0.70/0.30 and gradient boosting at 0.72/0.30. An additional LOSO analysis predicts each DASS subscale from the other two with MAE 0.50-0.60. On C19PRC Wave 6, training on PHQ-9 to predict GAD-7 yields MAE 0.34 and 71% exact match; the reverse direction yields MAE 0.36 and 70%. These instruments assess related symptoms, use the same four-category scale and come from the same survey wave. The analyzed N and any majority-class, item-mode, nearest-item or balanced-accuracy baseline are absent. Consequently, the headline 70-71% does not demonstrate improvement over a trivial rule and may be driven by frequent zero responses. A decisive conceptual limitation is that the paper calls PsychoLLM unsupervised and says it does not require labeled training data, while the supplement explicitly states that it optimizes cross-entropy between predicted and actual responses. For every non-target item, real human scores serve as training labels; only the target-item labels are unseen. This is self-supervised transfer across items, not label-free learning or prediction without collected responses. In addition, supervised baselines use five respondent folds, whereas PsychoLLM is trained on other items from the same 1,000 respondents whose target item it evaluates; no clear person-level holdout is described. The comparison therefore does not isolate generalization to new respondents and is not protocol-matched. The official repository audit adds further caution. Useful public materials exist at main commit 9c7e501: DASS data, 3,072-dimensional embedding matrices, a PsychoLLM implementation and several scripts. But this is not an executable reproduction. It lacks a requirements/lockfile, environment, license, instructions, raw Big Five responses, C19PRC responses, PHQ/GAD experiment code, baselines, factor analysis, LOSO, outputs and weights. sentence_embeddings.py fails syntax compilation because of an unclosed parenthesis and contains placeholders or undefined names. Other scripts use TensorFlow before importing it, call compile/fit on a wrapper that exposes neither method, and expect absent files. The Big Five script declares four classes although the questionnaire uses five, and hard-codes embedding_dim=768 against committed 3,072-column CSVs. It does not implement the promised reverse scoring. Top-K code uses signed rather than stated absolute correlations; the supplement's ordinal formula has the opposite sign from the published layer; and the repository adds one before MAPE although the supplement prints the standard formula, which is undefined at y=0. These discrepancies can change results and block recomputation. The faithful conclusion is that pretrained embeddings contain useful information about item redundancy and covariance in these English questionnaires, and score transfer from semantic neighbors deserves further study. The paper does not show that language creates or predetermines psychological constructs, that PsychoLLM is label-free, that 70% beats simple baselines, that the model generalizes to new people, or that the released artifact reproduces the tables. Stronger claims require causal wording interventions, matrix-dependence-aware inference, respondent holdout, prevalence and baselines, zero-safe metrics, diverse instruments/languages/scales, and a versioned executable release.
Research question
To what extent does the semantic similarity between questionnaire items reproduce their empirical correlation, and can an architecture that combines embeddings and responses from neighboring items predict scores of unseen items or questionnaires?