Comparing chatbots to psychometric tests in hiring compares a conversational Big Five assessment with a traditional questionnaire and asks whether the chatbot offers psychometric validity, reduced susceptibility to social desirability, and association with professional outcomes. It does not study a personality inside the LLM: a commercial OpenAI-based system scores human responses. The design is cross-sectional and quasi-experimental. Of 264 people entering the survey, 159 also completed the chatbot: 114 controls and 45 candidates. All 45 candidates came from one bank, two one-hour sessions and two roles; controls came from Recrewty clients or prospects and LinkedIn across multiple sectors. Before matching, groups differed in age, education, job level and industry. The authors explore several propensity-score methods and select a 0.25 caliper retaining 33 pairs, N=66. The system was built on Fabrile with Ingram, Recrewty and the authors. The article calls it a 'ChatGPT 4.0 API', says it was fine-tuned with existing data, and the supplement reveals that it had prior trait/facet means and standard deviations. It does not identify the exact API model, snapshot, system/scoring prompt, scoring rubric, fine-tuning dataset, training/evaluation separation, temperature, seed, retry policy or pipeline. It asks at least 15 questions, one per facet, with optional follow-ups. The published questions are transparent and leading: they ask when a person helped someone, completed a task, behaved responsibly, felt anxious or solved something creatively. They therefore do not demonstrate covert extraction of authentic patterns or resistance to gaming. Benchmarks are a 50-item Serbian Big Five plus Two short form and a 13-item Marlowe-Crowne scale. Twenty-one missing item responses are mean-imputed. The questionnaire Big Five CFA, using only 159 cases for 50 items, yields CFI 0.705 and TLI 0.690, although the paper calls it acceptable by emphasizing RMSEA 0.074 and GFI 0.968. The chatbot CFA over 15 facets yields CFI 0.905, TLI 0.875, RMSEA 0.078 and GFI 0.880. Reliability is good for Extraversion (alpha 0.80) and Neuroticism (0.85), poor for Agreeableness (0.58), and modest for Conscientiousness (0.67) and Openness (0.64). Convergence with traditional tests is r=0.443 for Extraversion, 0.449 for Conscientiousness, 0.362 for Openness, 0.256 for Agreeableness and only 0.089, non-significant, for Neuroticism. Discriminant validity is problematic: AI Agreeableness correlates more with traditional Extraversion (0.342) and Neuroticism (-0.272) than with Agreeableness (0.256), with other cross-trait associations. Claimed substantive validity uses facet-total correlations where the total contains that facet and extreme-group discrimination defined by the same composite; these are circular part-whole checks, not independent content validation. AI scores provide no useful prediction or incremental value for education or job level. Education and job level are concurrent demographics, not future performance, hiring decisions, retention or supervisor ratings; calling them predictive validity or real-world outcomes overstates the criterion. The headline lower-social-desirability claim is not established. Within 33 matched pairs, some traditional-test outcomes differ between candidates and controls while all five AI regressions are non-significant. But significance in one method and non-significance in another does not show that effects differ. There is no treatment-by-method interaction, formal difference test, equivalence/non-inferiority test, power for accepting the null, or shared social-desirability indicator applied to both. Marlowe-Crowne is only measured as a human questionnaire; AI bias is inferred from Big Five group differences. AI effects are highly imprecise: estimate(SE) -0.133(4.643) for Openness, 0.007(1.976) for Conscientiousness, -2.405(2.702) for Extraversion, 1.817(1.754) for Agreeableness and 2.675(10.236) for Neuroticism. Approximate intervals allow meaningful effects in either direction. Selection context is not isolated: every candidate shares bank, roles, sessions, recruiter and source, unlike controls. AI O/C/E/A means are 73.7-80.5 with strong negative skew and ceilings near 90; such compression, potentially influenced by undocumented priors, can hide group differences. The audit also finds published contradictions that block reliable significance interpretation. Openness is printed as 0.448 with SE 0.597 yet marked p<0.05, which is arithmetically incompatible. HAC 0.640(SE 0.173) appears under Agreeableness while prose calls it Extraversion. The AI education table shows Openness 0.05138(SE 0.02374), ratio about 2.16, while prose says every effect is non-significant. The supplement prints impossible Shapiro-Wilk W=2.038; the job-level model reports treatment -19.720 with SE 1511; and a figure captioned Neuroticism has an internal Extraversion_AI title. Without data or code, the correct results cannot be recovered. No article-specific repository, dataset, scripts, prompts or reproducible release was found on the official page or in targeted public GitHub, OSF and Zenodo searches. The data statement only promises access on request and part of the system remains proprietary. The faithful conclusion is narrower: this small sample detected no candidate-control difference in five AI scores and found no predictive or incremental AI validity, with moderate convergence for selected dimensions and clear failures for others. It does not show reduced bias. Employment use would require a frozen inspectable model/prompt/scoring specification, preregistration, within-person manipulation or multi-site randomization, a common direct faking measure, interaction and equivalence tests, pair/site-aware inference, prospective performance outcomes, invariance/test-retest/subgroup/adverse-impact studies, and reproducible artifacts.
Research question
Can an LLM-based chatbot infer Big Five facets with acceptable structure, content, and external validity, predict professional outcomes, and show lower social desirability distortion than a traditional questionnaire in a selection context?