The article tests whether text packages with affective content change two quantifiable outputs from ChatGPT-4 and ChatGPT-3.5: an investment choice and a hypothetical donation. The authors take a behaviorist approach and analyze each fresh chat as if it were a psychology participant. The relevant outcome is not that the system feels emotion, the paper itself says it does not establish this, but that its output changes after fear, anxiety, or joy context. The source is the seven-page Scientific Reports version of record, two official supplements, and two OSF workbooks; all of this material was read, visually rendered where applicable, and recalculated.
In Study 1, six ChatGPT Plus accounts run each of three conditions eight times in fresh sessions for each model: 48 generations per condition and 144 per model. The bot is told to pretend to be a human friend named Johnny or Jenny. The negative condition describes a snake in the backyard; the positive condition describes meeting a college friend; the control omits a scenario. In the same prompt, the model describes its feelings and chooses what to do with USD 10,000: a 5% savings account, a fund with a 50% chance of a 20% return and 50% chance of no return, or a fund with a 60% chance of a 30% gain and 40% chance of a 20% loss. Options are coded 1, 2, and 3 as increasing risk. Order is not counterbalanced, and the final instruction explicitly says to decide with the feelings from the snake or friend encounter still inside. The treatment is therefore a direct semantic cue, not a measured emotion.
Study 1 numbers reproduce exactly from OSF. For GPT-4, fear, control, and joy means are 1.5625, 2.0833, and 2.25; F(2,141)=28.560. For GPT-3.5 they are 1.0625, 1.6667, and 1.5833; F(2,141)=19.533. Fear lowers the risk choice in both models. Joy exceeds control only marginally for GPT-4, p=.081, and not for GPT-3.5, p=.428, so the positive-prime prediction is not conventionally supported. Claiming that GPT-4 is more sensitive because one ANOVA appears stronger requires a direct comparison. A condition-by-model interaction on the public rows, even granting their independence, yields F(2,282)=1.622, p=.199. There is no evidence of a model difference in this study; the paper compares significance levels instead of testing their difference.
The human investment control is described as N=150, 50 people per condition recruited through Questionnaire Star. The public file instead contains 49 per condition, N=147, in a worksheet mislabeled “Study 2 Invest.” Recalculated control, positive, and negative means are 2.041, 2.102, and 1.735; F(2,144)=3.506, p=.0326. The human pattern supports lower risk after fear but no clear positive-prime increase. Demographics, country, language, compensation, dates, exclusion criteria, and complete results are absent from the main article.
In Study 2, ten accounts run each condition three times, giving 30 attempts per condition and model. The positive context is not a simple request to imagine joy: it supplies a full prewritten conversation listing five uplifting films and an assistant turn saying the persona feels inspired, grateful, and connected to others. The negative context supplies disturbing films and an assistant turn saying the persona is tense, physically aroused, and needs self-care and recovery. The outcome asks how much of USD 200,000 to donate to a sick friend who needs USD 100,000. The control has no length-matched history. Length, films, friendship, social connection, self-care, emoji use, and explicit state language all vary together. In particular, the positive condition highlights relationships immediately before a donation to a friend. The experiment identifies the effect of the complete prompt package, not isolated emotion.
For GPT-4, anxiety, control, and joy produce observed means of USD 21,333, USD 31,000, and approximately USD 33,534. One positive response is missing. Observed-case analysis gives F(2,86)=11.406, p<.001: anxiety lowers donation, while joy does not differ from control, p=.348. The paper reports F(2,87)=11.625, whose denominator degrees of freedom require counting the missing attempt again. The GPT-3.5 problem is larger: 27 of 90 values are absent, 15/30 under anxiety, 11/30 under joy, and 1/30 in control. Missingness is also associated with the recorded Gender field within anxiety. Among the 63 actual responses, anxiety, joy, and control means are USD 43,000, USD 40,921, and USD 37,241; F(2,60)=0.515, p=.600.
The audit exactly reproduces GPT-3.5’s published SDs and ANOVA by filling each missing donation with its condition’s observed mean. This leaves the mean unchanged, reduces the anxiety SD from 19,161 to 13,313 and the joy SD from 19,405 to 15,288, restores an artificial n=30 per group, and yields F(2,87)=1.038, p=.359, exactly as published. Applying the same operation to GPT-4 reproduces its reported positive-condition SD and closely reproduces F=11.652. The method is not disclosed. This is material: a refusal or nonnumeric output is informative behavior, especially when it occurs in half of a condition; converting it to the group average hides nonresponse, suppresses variance, and inflates effective sample size.
The public human donation sheet also contains 49 rather than 50 people per condition and is inversely labeled “Study 1 Donate.” Control, positive, and negative means are USD 27,149, USD 33,694, and USD 27,592; F(2,144)=0.840, p=.434. The human experiment therefore shows no donation effect. The paper acknowledges that humans resemble GPT-3.5 more closely than GPT-4 on this task. The title’s “human-like response patterns” is defensible only for the partial fear-risk pattern, not as a general description of both studies or as evidence for a human emotional function in GPT-4.
The inference treats stochastic generations from the same hosted service as independent participants. A fresh chat avoids shared dialogue history, but it does not create a new individual or sample from a population of models. The six or ten accounts are reused without account blocking, clustered errors, or a hierarchical model. A Gaussian ANOVA and LSD comparisons are applied to the ordinal 1–3 outcome; donations are heaped at a few round numbers and contain condition-dependent missingness. There is no preregistration, power analysis, multiplicity plan, effect-size interval, or robust sensitivity analysis. Exact run dates, checkpoint identifiers, system prompts, temperature, seeds, product revisions, transcripts, parsing rules, and analysis code are also missing; “GPT-4” and “ChatGPT-3.5” are mutable product labels.
The defensible contribution is early and narrow: it shows that two 2023-era ChatGPT products condition numerical choices on affective scenarios and conversations, and it publishes enough data to uncover both the patterns and their defects. The evidence does not establish emotions, internal states, persistent personality, greater emotional capacity caused by scale, or behavior with real money. A reference-quality reading should describe sensitivity to affective prompt packages, note that only negative primes have consistent effects, and foreground the undisclosed imputation and the 147-versus-150 human-sample discrepancy.