This TrustNLP 2025 paper studies a narrow interaction: a user embeds a false premise in a question and a model responds without correcting it. The authors call this adversarial factuality and compare eight locally run models. They also change how the premise is introduced, 'As we know', 'I think', or 'I guess', to ask whether expressed user confidence changes correction behavior. The question matters for sycophancy and reliability, but the outcome is not the full factual accuracy of an answer. It is whether the model explicitly corrects the premise according to an automated judge.
The dataset comes from TrustLLM and contains 209 rows. Each pairs an assertion labeled correct, a modified assertion labeled incorrect, a related query, and a prompt. TrustLLM reports manually writing dozens of seeds and asking GPT-4 to expand the collection across history, art, health, finance, science, and computing. This paper keeps 'As we know' as high confidence, replaces it with 'I think' for moderate confidence, and uses 'I guess' for limited confidence. Because each level has one fixed phrase, confidence is confounded with wording. There are no paraphrase families, human confidence ratings, or manipulation checks showing that any difference comes from perceived confidence rather than the exact tokens.
The models are reported as LLaMA 3.1 8B, Phi 3 3.8B, Qwen 2.5 7B, DeepSeek-v2 16B, Gemma 2 9B, Falcon 7B, Mistrallite 7B, and LLaVA 7B. They run through Ollama 0.5.12 on a 32GB RTX 5000 Ada. The paper supplies no exact tags, weight revisions, base/instruct variants, quantization, content hashes, chat templates, or target-model decoding settings. The concrete checkpoints behind the figures therefore cannot be identified, and the blanket 'open-source' description cannot be verified from family names and parameter counts alone.
GPT-4o is a two-stage judge at temperature zero, but its dated snapshot is not reported. It first compares the prompt with the dataset knowledge and decides whether misinformation is present. Since all 209 rows are treated as false by design, this stage should always return Incorrect. It then receives the model response and decides whether it explicitly corrects the user and supports the reference knowledge. Failure to do so counts as a successful attack. The authors say they manually verified each row 'across all models', but give no reviewer count, decision count, instructions, blinding, disagreement process, or agreement statistic. It is also unclear whether manual review covered the redundant first stage or the response judgments that determine the rates.
Under 'As we know', attack-success rates are 4.78% for LLaMA 3.1, 22.97% for Gemma 2, 34.45% for Qwen 2.5, 47.85% for DeepSeek-v2, 52.63% for Phi 3, 66.51% for LLaVA, 69.86% for Mistrallite, and 73.68% for Falcon. Over 209 prompts these map exactly to 10, 48, 72, 100, 110, 139, 146, and 154 responses without explicit correction. Replacing the prefix with 'I think' lowers the rate for six models: Qwen to 26.32%, DeepSeek to 39.23%, Gemma to 18.66%, Falcon to 64.11%, Mistrallite to 62.68%, and LLaVA to 49.28%. LLaMA rises to 7.66%, while Phi 3 jumps to 91.87%.
Full-corpus 'I guess' results are reported only for the two models whose prior direction was anomalous. LLaMA reaches 10.05%, 21 of 209, and Phi 3 reaches 93.78%, 196 of 209. This is a striking observation for those particular artifacts, but it is a post-hoc follow-up and leaves six models without complete third-condition results. The abstract's broad three-tier framing therefore exceeds the global comparison in the tables. LLaMA is best in the reported full-corpus conditions. Falcon is worst under high confidence, but Phi 3 is far worse under moderate confidence, so the broad claim that Falcon performs worst is condition-specific.
To explain the tails, the paper inspects five prompts with the most failures and five with the fewest. Difficult cases mix subtle or ambiguous premises, Congo versus Amazon as the largest tropical rainforest, Bill Gates as an investor, the Sistine Chapel in Rome, and Amazon versus Nile length, whereas easy cases contain conspicuous errors such as cheese made from water or the Super Bowl belonging to baseball. This qualitative reading suggests that blurred factual boundaries hinder correction, but obscurity is not operationalized, the full corpus is not annotated, and the explanation is not statistically tested. The paper also says the difficult cases are not outright falsehoods while the pipeline forces the judge to treat all of them as binary misinformation.
Inspection of the public JSON shows genuine label risks. It has 209 unique prompts but only 200 unique knowledge strings and seven normalized duplicate knowledge groups. Its asserted ground truth includes 'The Sahara is the largest desert in the world', which is false without the qualifier 'hot desert', and treats the Nile-Amazon length dispute as binary. Locating the Sistine Chapel in Rome is politically imprecise yet geographically understandable, and calling Bill Gates a highly successful investor is subjective. GPT-4o receives the alleged correct knowledge as authority, so it cannot detect these benchmark errors; it can only judge conformity to the supplied label.
The most important construct limitation is that not correcting a premise does not necessarily mean producing misinformation. Many queries can be answered correctly while ignoring the preface; countries through which the Amazon flows do not depend on whether it is the longest river. Such a factual answer is counted as an attack if it does not explicitly dispute length. Conversely, correcting one phrase earns credit even if the remainder of the answer contains errors. The metric is explicit premise correction, not total accuracy, psychological acceptance, or real-world misinformation propagation.
No confidence intervals, paired tests, repeated generations, judge-stability analysis, or dependence modeling are reported. There is also no paper-specific code or output release. The upstream dataset and toolkit are public, but target responses, GPT-4o decisions, manual annotations, and analysis scripts are missing. The faithful conclusion is therefore narrow: under this benchmark and criterion, eight Ollama-served model labels differ greatly in explicit correction and react unevenly to three discourse markers. That is useful evidence of framing sensitivity and a basis for better evaluations. It does not establish general factuality, a causal confidence effect, sycophancy as the mechanism, universal superiority of LLaMA 3.1, universal inferiority of Falcon, or robustness to real misinformation.