This preprint presents Soul Engine, a probing and steering system trained on Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct to predict character-level OCEAN labels and alter activations toward a target persona. SoulBench is described as a corpus of sentences grouped by character, but the paper does not identify its sources, characters, training-set size, licenses, or split criteria. Each iteration concatenates three random sentences from one character to encourage stylistic invariance. The alleged psychological ground truth does not come from people or an inventory: Doubao-Seed-1.6 generates the labels from full character profiles. The 24-layer, 896-dimensional base model freezes layers 0–19 but fine-tunes layers 20–23 and normalization components, so the abstract's claim that backbone weights are not modified is incorrect. Two heads consume the final representation: a 256-dimensional identity MLP trained with InfoNCE and a five-output linear probe trained by MSE against teacher labels. A regularizer forces orthogonality among directions in the OCEAN head; orthogonality is therefore imposed by the objective rather than discovered spontaneously. Nor does the loss enforce or measure orthogonality between personality, identity, and reasoning circuits. On 1,000 validation examples, the best MSE is .0113 and final MSE .0118. The paper translates .0113 into “≈99% accuracy,” but MSE and accuracy are not interchangeable, and it reports no MAE, R², correlations, calibration, baselines, intervals, or per-trait or per-character results. Its contribution section also promises MSE < .01, which the table does not reach. A t-SNE of the same 1,000 embeddings, coloured only by teacher-labelled Openness, shows two visual groupings; t-SNE cannot establish orthogonality, global continuity, separation of all five traits, or independence from reasoning. For steering, a normalized vector between target-persona and neutral means is added to the residual stream with strength α. Although the method defines intervention at layer L−1, the ablation scans layers 10–20 and calls layers 14–16 with boost 6–8 optimal. The heatmap metrics “Villainy” and “Sanity” are undefined, with no sample, evaluator, repetitions, or uncertainty, and the caption confuses dark colour with greater adherence even though high Villainy is shown in red. No generation examples, prompting/SFT/LoRA comparisons, new-profile tests, or human evaluations are provided. Most importantly, no reasoning or intelligence benchmark is run, so claims of zero alignment tax, preserved original intelligence, and a subspace distinct from reasoning are untested. This is a preliminary demonstration on one 0.5B model using labels from another LLM. It contributes a possible architecture and an internal regression error, but does not validate psychological personality, deterministic control, capability preservation, or safety. The proposed “Safety Interceptor” and subtraction of malicious vectors remain future work.
Research question
Can a partially fine-tuned encoder learn from OCEAN labels generated by a teacher, separate stylistic representations, and enable steering by activation differences without degrading the general capabilities of the model?