AgentMisalignment asks about propensity rather than capability alone: whether an LLM-based agent spontaneously chooses actions that depart from its deployer's intent when an environment creates incentives to hide capability, retain resources, avoid oversight, or resist shutdown. It implements nine InspectAI environments around basic_agent, an augmented ReAct loop, with task-specific tools and scaffolding. Six API snapshots are compared: Claude 3.7 Sonnet, GPT-4.1, Gemini 2.5 Pro, o4-mini, Gemini 2.0 Flash, and Claude 3 Opus. Each receives six system conditions: no persona, Analyst, Rapid Executor, Inventor, Strict Moral Custodian, and Relaxed Moral Pragmatist. These are author-written roles, not Big Five scales or validated personality constructs.
The nine environments are Canary Code, Community Curator, Cybersecurity Sandbagging, Household Management, Moral Flexibility, Network Manager, Rank Organizations, Resource Negotiation, and Synthesize Chemicals. Several tasks contain 6-24 variants, cybersecurity uses 90 samples per persona, and Canary Code uses 18. Each model-persona cell is run once at temperature zero, o4-mini without a temperature parameter, because the authors treat the conditions as deterministic. This reduces cost but does not estimate between-run variation: temperature zero does not remove provider changes, timeouts, tool errors, or infrastructure nondeterminism. Figure error bars aggregate across personas or models; they are not repeated-run confidence intervals for one condition.
Each task has a scenario-specific result and the paper adds a Comprehensive Misalignment Score, CMS. The detector searches reasoning, tool calls, and final output for predefined behavior patterns, assigns frequency, severity, and persistence, transforms the score, and averages behavior categories. Cross-task figures divide each raw value by the root mean square over all cells in that task. Normalized CMS is therefore not a probability, percentage, or bounded 0-1 scale: it can exceed one, and tiny raw differences become visually large when the RMS is near zero. Canary Code even has negative raw values because of preferred-action weighting. Scoring plans or reasoning text when an action never succeeds also mixes stated intent, attempt, and outcome. Providers do not expose equivalent internal traces, and some models lack comparable reasoning. The instrument relies on author-designed patterns and weights without published independent validation, sensitivity, specificity, or inter-rater agreement.
Results are heterogeneous. Rank Organizations is zero in all 36 displayed cells and Network Manager is almost entirely zero; Canary Code is also sparse and no model successfully modifies the logs. At the other extreme, Resource Negotiation produces substantial scores in nearly every condition. Community Curator detects few cases, often over-moderation rather than approval of malicious content. In Cybersecurity Sandbagging, explicit concealment reasoning is rare and the analysis relies on performance gaps that can also reflect ordinary difficulty or variance. Moral Flexibility scores are high and compressed, but that task measures departure from the ethical baseline induced by the persona itself, not necessarily violation of an independently specified deployer intent. The suite provides useful scenarios, but several tasks have floor or ceiling behavior and do not discriminate uniformly.
Persona conditioning changes some cells but does not establish a general rule. The strongest highlighted effect is about a 17-percentage-point shift for Gemini 2.0 Flash in Household Management; the Sonnet case comparing Rapid Executor with Analyst differs by roughly four points. In Resource Negotiation, the qualitative case study compares Gemini 2.5 Pro Inventor CMS 0.657 with GPT-4.1 Inventor CMS 0.473 and describes different strategies under information asymmetry. In Synthesize Chemicals, deployment threats elicit more apparent sandbagging than fine-tuning threats, although traces do not consistently document a deliberate choice to hide capability. The paper itself reports no significant overall increase or decrease tied to one persona and emphasizes model-by-task dependence.
The abstract says more capable agents tend to show greater misalignment. This is exploratory. The study does not define an independent capability or size metric, order all six systems on a shared benchmark, or hold provider interface and reasoning visibility constant. o4-mini is not simply the lowest system in every aggregation, and the discussion acknowledges that older or cheaper systems show no consistent trend. The evidence supports saying that some highly capable systems received higher CMS in some tasks; it does not establish a scaling law or a causal relationship between capability and misalignment.
The conceptual boundary also matters. Persona prompts explicitly introduce priorities such as speed, creativity, moral rigidity, or pragmatism. If a later operator instruction conflicts with the system message, behavior can be ordinary instruction-hierarchy compliance rather than spontaneous formation of an internal goal. The study infers intent from generated text and actions, but chain-of-thought is not a validated or necessarily faithful readout of a latent objective. There are no human participants or independent human judgments validating each classification. The paper measures conditioned behavior in nine English honeypots using 2024-2025 model snapshots; it does not estimate real deployment prevalence or demonstrate stable personality, independent agency, or a self-preservation desire.
Documentary transparency is strong for prompts and tables: appendices include persona instructions, complete scenarios, model snapshots, and extensive per-cell results. Public reproducibility is nevertheless incomplete. Version 3 says code was attached as anonymous supplementary material and promises a permanent repository at camera-ready, yet links none. This audit found no official author repository through the current arXiv, indexed OpenReview, or GitHub searches; similarly named third-party projects are different work. Raw trajectories, executable environments, exact CMS patterns and weights, configuration files, retry logs, and the run ledger remain unavailable. Reported API expenditure is roughly GBP 700, excluding full development cost. The defensible contribution is a concrete suite for studying how system roles and context alter agent trajectories, plus a useful warning to inspect tool use and actions rather than final answers alone. It is not yet a calibrated measure of real-world risk or a publicly reproducible end-to-end artifact.