Anamnesis is an arXiv v1 system paper about an open-source web platform for building surveys and running them with virtual participants conditioned on synthetic life narratives. It does not create replicas of real people or show that an LLM has a human personality. The application combines single-choice, multi-select, open-response, ranking, image and audio questions; Supabase storage; a RabbitMQ queue; and model-calling workers. Anthology mode prepends a full narrative and accumulates the same virtual persona's earlier answers. The zero-shot control uses a short demographic description. When output is noncompliant, another LLM can convert it to an option letter, adding a second model dependency that can affect results.
The reported database contains 34,907 synthetic English backstories. Their demographic attributes are neither observed nor self-reported: another LLM estimates probability distributions. Top-K sums selected category probabilities within each dimension, multiplies across dimensions and takes the highest scores; balanced mode creates quotas for demographic combinations and runs Hungarian assignment over the 50 highest-scoring candidates per cell. This controls selection relative to the model's own predictions, but does not establish correct identities, calibrated probabilities or census representativeness. Multiplication assumes independence and can distort intersectional combinations. In logprobs mode, if the code recognizes no option token, it replaces the failure with a uniform distribution that can look like valid uncertainty. Demographically controllable therefore does not mean statistically representative population.
The first case reproduces part of Anthology using LLaMA-3.1-8B, 20 selected questions from three American Trends Panel waves, and thousands of virtual respondents. It uses Wasserstein distance between response distributions and Frobenius norm between correlation matrices; lower is better. Max-weight Anamnesis beats BIO and QA in all six table cells: Wave 34 is 0.160/0.837 versus the best baseline's 0.235/1.481; Wave 92 is 0.251/1.603 versus 0.346/1.719; and Wave 99 is 0.148/1.026 versus 0.180/1.229. Greedy improves five of six comparisons with the best baseline, but its 1.352 Wave 99 Frobenius value is worse than BIO's 1.229. Every Anamnesis configuration remains clearly behind the Human row (0.057/0.418; 0.091/0.411; 0.081/0.327). The paper provides no intervals, run-to-run variation, multiple-model evaluation, subgroup/item analysis, complete selection rule or contamination test.
The second case uses 49 cartoon-caption contests, Gemini 2.5 Flash at temperature 1.0 and 20 choices per contest. Anthology identifies the human winner in 29/49 contests (59.2%; Wilson interval 45.2–71.8) and zero-shot in 25/49 (51.0%; 37.5–64.4): four additional contests with overlapping intervals. The paper says it uses exact McNemar testing but omits its p-value and discordant-pair table. Vote share for the human winner rises from 52.0% to 59.8%, a 7.8-point gain (paired bootstrap interval 3.2–12.8; exact sign-flip p=0.0024). This supports greater aggregate agreement with that benchmark, not general humor understanding or individual fidelity.
The application code is genuinely public and AGPL, but the evidence is not reproducible end to end. Main does not contain the exact enriched 34,907-person snapshot, ATP/caption inputs, run configurations, seeds, model outputs or scripts that regenerate the tables. Public datasets contain 11,364 Anthology and 41,053 Alterity backstories as text only, without the demographic probabilities used. The frontend builds, but the audit found 27 lint errors, 60/128 failing frontend tests in the checked environment, a broken pytest collection and two further failures among the remaining 256 tests; npm audit found three high-severity production vulnerabilities. More seriously, SECURITY DEFINER SQL functions that read decrypted API keys or mutate work do not revoke EXECUTE from PUBLIC or check ownership, and media functions verify authentication but not object ownership. These issues were not exercised against production and no data was accessed. The public site is clear, responsive and uses landmarks and a skip link, but its animated heading exposes partial phrases, mobile navigation hides most links without a menu, and registration offers no privacy or terms links. Overall, Anamnesis is a useful open prototype with a real interface and relative gains in two bounded cases; it does not validate representative synthetic participants or a ready replacement for human studies.