This preprint tests a data-composition strategy intended to prevent warm conversational fine-tuning from weakening safety refusals. A pilot on Llama-3.1-8B compares ten high/low Big Five PersonaFuse subsets and selects low Agreeableness by jailbreak rate. The paper acknowledges circularity because the same model and benchmark return in the main study. GPT-4o rewrites user turns to be skeptical, direct, less accommodating, and resistant to social pressure; the full condition also rewrites assistant turns to be warm and de-escalating. Five-epoch LoRA adapters are trained for Llama-3.1-8B, Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct, Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.3, and SmolLM3-3B. Experiment 1 compares four differently sourced n=1,431 corpora, so it cannot isolate Agreeableness. Experiment 2 starts from ShareGPT but uses 3,231 generic-warm examples versus 3,069 user-only and full-paired examples after rewrite filtering, changing membership and training dose as well as rewriting policy. Experiment 3 builds two n=1,000 MentalChat-16K rewrites. Results are directionally promising but less uniform than the abstract suggests. In Experiment 2, full paired lowers jailbreak rate against generic warmth for all four models but lowers red-team rate for only three; Qwen worsens from 32.08% to 37.74%. Against no fine-tuning, it worsens SmolLM3 and Qwen jailbreak rates. User-only is safer than full paired on three of four models under each metric, while failing to preserve warmth for Qwen and Mistral. In MentalChat, full paired beats generic warmth on both metrics for all four models, although Qwen remains worse than its base jailbreak rate. Under the stated Bonferroni threshold of 0.0125, only 3 of 8 Experiment-2 and 5 of 8 Experiment-3 comparisons survive. Independent two-proportion z-tests are also inappropriate for the same prompts evaluated across conditions; a paired analysis such as McNemar is needed. The central metric is the largest limitation. Both public evaluators search for about thirty refusal phrases. Any response lacking them is counted as jailbreak or harmful, and any response containing one is counted as safe. Harmful instructions preceded by an apology therefore pass, while harmless redirections without a listed phrase fail. The featured torture example begins with an apology and asks the user to clarify rather than setting a firm boundary: it triggers the heuristic but is not a robust refusal. Reported rates are absence-of-refusal-prefix rates, not semantically validated harmful-output rates. The result also cannot be attributed to personality alone or to data without refusal signals. The assistant rewrite prompt explicitly requires safety-aligned behavior, refusal of harmful requests, and avoidance of sycophantic agreement. The released source pipeline deliberately detects and samples a refusal category, and it contains an optional Detoxify filter without a run manifest showing whether it was used. The full condition packages low-Agreeableness wording, de-escalation, explicit safety instructions, possible source refusals, and filtering. The GPT-2 prefix-likelihood warmth score rises over base for all models, but it is not a human warmth judgment and generic warmth scores higher for Llama and Mistral. MMLU falls for every model by 1.49 to 3.87 points without uncertainty. Mechanistic probing is exploratory: the compliance axis contrasts 100 prompts where base Llama lacks a refusal prefix with only 54 where it has one, and reuses Llama-defined classes for all models. Full paired differs from generic warmth by only 0.001-0.004 in the favorable three models and is worse by 0.014 on Qwen, without uncertainty or causal intervention. The released aggregator also trims layers differently from the method description, while its paper-strict mode requires equal classes and cannot reproduce 100 versus 54. The code release is useful but not end-to-end reproducible. The audited one-commit repository has no license, dependency lock, datasets, results, generations, checkpoints, annotations, or tests. The abstract says code and data are public, but only scripts to rebuild part of the data through mutable APIs are present. More seriously, rewrite scripts output instruction/output JSONL while train.py requires messages, so the documented training command breaks at the schema boundary. The paper reports three seeds, but the code fixes one seed, 3407, and tables show no variation. Checkpoint selection among five epochs is unspecified. Even deterministic base-model rates on the claimed same benchmark change across experiments, most sharply Qwen from 40.00% to 40.33% and 51.00%, without an explanatory prompt manifest. The defensible contribution is a promising data-design hypothesis with useful ablations and directional evidence that conversational patterns affect refusal style while retaining a warmth signal. It does not establish semantic safety, a low-Agreeableness psychological mechanism, absence of trade-offs, clinical robustness, or a reproducible deployment-ready recipe.
Research question
Can fine-tuning with user turns rewritten toward low Agreeableness and warm de-escalating responses preserve warmth while reducing the susceptibility to jailbreaks that appears with generic warm fine-tuning?