PerceptUI predicts answers to UI/UX questions from a screenshot, answer options, and an optional participant profile, and also generates a textual rationale. It uses Qwen3-VL-8B-Instruct with QLoRA. First, GPT-5.5 receives each training example together with the observed human answer and writes a contrastive reflection covering visual evidence, profile relevance, and rejection of alternatives; the student learns to produce that reflection and label. Then, with weights frozen, GPT-5.5 evaluator, analyzer, optimizer, and auditor calls inspect development failures for 24 rounds and select an evolved prompt. Evaluation spans six public benchmarks and UXCar, a proprietary in-vehicle interface survey described only as approximately 500 participants and 30 questions. On WiserUI-Bench, PerceptUI reports 74.25% average and 44.30% order-consistent accuracy; on UIClip it reaches 79.28%. On LabintheWild it reports 43.51% exact accuracy, MAE .88, JSD .092, and rho .658, and on LabintheWild-UX 56.28%, .71, .072, and .703. On UXCar it obtains 62.15% accuracy, macro-F1 55.04, JSD .039, and 3.94/5 rationale quality, versus 48.93%, 39.30, .112, and 2.74 for answer-only SFT. When both question and participant are unseen, accuracy falls from 62.15 to 57.08. The human rationale evaluation samples 120 UXCar instances and assigns three ratings to each rationale: PerceptUI receives 3.91 for UI grounding, 3.74 for persona use, 3.88 for contrastiveness, and 3.94 overall, above the listed models. However, the repeated claim of human-level realism or performance is not operationalized. That table has no human rationale baseline, while the separate UICrit benchmark shows human designers clearly ahead: quality .75 and rank 1.5 versus PerceptUI .54 and 2.7. Predicting human labels better than other models is not evidence of human cognition. Training reflections are post-hoc: the teacher sees the recorded answer before justifying it, and no participant explanations exist against which to verify causal reasons. UXCar carries the persona, calibration, ablation, and generalization claims, but the survey, data, demographic distribution, recruitment, consent, ethics, exclusions, missing-data treatment, and exact split units are not published. The paper says examples are divided into training, development, and test sets but gives no sizes and does not establish whether the same participant, screenshot, or question crosses partitions; construction of unseen conditions is also undocumented. It is unclear whether one joint model or separate dataset-specific models are trained, and training sizes, mixture weights, and rationale counts are absent. Calibration has a further technical gap: the equations and soft aggregation require a full answer distribution, while disclosed prompts request text, one answer, and at most verbal confidence; token scoring, normalization, constrained decoding, and calibration are not explained. One curve and JS divergence do not establish general or subgroup calibration. The human study does not report the number of unique annotators, their identity or expertise, recruitment, compensation, exclusions, allocation, inter-rater reliability, dispersion, intervals, or tests for 32 mean comparisons; the appendix calls ratings expert-rated without defining expertise. Comparisons also mix budgets: PerceptUI uses supervised data, a GPT-5.5 teacher, auxiliary summaries, three paraphrases, 24 development-optimization rounds, and an LLM audit, while several references are zero-shot or values inherited from their original benchmarks. The three declared seeds are not exposed as per-seed results or uncertainty. Full prompts, including dataset-specific formats and the final evolved prompt, are expressly omitted. Code, weights, UXCar, splits, outputs, probabilities, annotations, and analysis scripts are also unavailable; exact-title and identifier searches found no official artifact. The defensible contribution is a promising supervised static-screening pipeline combining rationale distillation and prompt optimization, with reported improvements on several protocols. It does not demonstrate synthetic humans, cognitive causes, reproducibly calibrated probability, interactive generalization, absence of demographic shortcuts, or safety. It should complement rather than replace validation with real users, a boundary the paper's own discussion and ethics statement ultimately acknowledge.
Research question
Can a vision-language model trained with profile-conditioned contrastive justifications and with a prompt optimized from failures predict individual responses and aggregated UI/UX evaluation distributions better than zero-shot, SFT, and task-specific baselines?