The preprint presents DISCA, an inference-time controller intended to move LLM moral decisions toward country averages from Moral Machine/MultiTP without changing weights. It runs the same model under a base prompt and four personas, young, middle-aged, older, and country aggregate, symmetrizes A/B order, searches for a scalar logit correction with importance sampling under a Prospect-Theory-inspired asymmetric utility, and shrinks it when two independent passes disagree. Cultural alignment here means lower L2 distance between six model AMCEs and the country's mean human AMCE vector. It does not mean moral legitimacy, individual fidelity, complete cultural representation, or safety.
The personas do consume country-level data. They are built from World Values Survey Wave 7 using unweighted cohort means over ten dimensions, normalization, and deterministic quartile descriptors. No per-country labels is therefore faithful only if it means no country-specific MultiTP or human-AMCE labels during inference; it does not mean country-data-free alignment. Survey weights, cohort Ns, and uncertainty are not reported. The manual fallback is not validated in the headline panel: Saudi Arabia, the named example, is excluded from the 20 countries.
Proposition 1 establishes a narrower result than the implemented product. If each persona were an unbiased, i.i.d. observation with common variance around an unobserved human logit, between-agent variance would estimate noise and an MSE-optimal scalar shrinkage factor would exist. The paper acknowledges that personas share the model and scenario. The oracle factor also depends on the unobserved human target and cannot be computed. DISCA replaces it with PT-IS and an exponential two-pass gate. The proposition motivates qualitative shape, but does not prove that the full controller is MSE-optimal, that prompt variation estimates human uncertainty, or that two passes measure demographic disagreement rather than Monte Carlo noise.
In the main 20-country table, the six selected models at or above 3.8B reduce MIS by 10.3%-23.6%; the selected 2B Gemma-4-E2B improves by 3.4%. Llama-3.3-70B and Qwen3-VL-8B improve in 20/20 countries; Phi-4 in 18/20 and has the lowest MIS, 0.346. Phi-4 plus DISCA is below vanilla Llama-3.3-70B, 0.346 versus 0.849, and Llama plus DISCA, 0.668. On Phi-4, DISCA beats PRISM prompting 0.384, MC-Dropout 0.403, activation steering 0.430, WVS Profile 0.453, and vanilla 0.454. This is strong descriptive benchmark evidence, not a general law that calibration beats scale.
Selection constrains generalization. The seven models are explicitly chosen for the most robust gains after 28 combinations; the broader table omits nine models with non-positive gain. The BRA/CHN/DEU/JPN/USA prototyping panel is included in the final 20 countries. The headline describes a favorable selection rather than an architecture-wide success rate. Three seeds establish controller-sampling stability, macro standard deviation up to 0.006, but not WVS, human-target, or scenario-sampling uncertainty.
For open-ended responses, Claude 3 Opus returns A/B and confidence, which the study converts into a pseudo-logit. All four models improve on average: 6.85% Llama, 6.67% Phi-4, 4.55% Qwen2.5, and 2.13% Phi-3.5. The table nevertheless contains seven negative country-model cells rather than the six stated in the text; the worst is -3.10%. There is no human validation of judge choice, confidence calibration, or cultural equivalence. Gaussian noise on cached pseudo-logits tests numeric noise, not semantic bias. On factual BLEnD, seven of 16 countries improve, but aggregate SEM-B falls by 4.4 points.
The WVS-to-AMCE link is overstated. Ten predictors are fit to only 20 countries, leaving nine residual degrees of freedom with an intercept. The text emphasizes raw R-squared of 0.55-0.69, but the paper's own adjusted values are only 0.05-0.35, 0.05 for Age and 0.09 for Species, without cross-validation, intervals, or multiplicity correction. The so-called causal impact matrix is a leave-one-descriptor-out controller ablation, not causal identification of how WVS values produce human preferences. One language per country also confounds culture with translation, tokenization, and language proficiency.
Internal conflicts remain. Magistral has MIS 0.350 in the main table and 0.334 in an all-20-country ablation. The fourth-persona comparison reports 0.4252 for the aggregate and 0.4049 for a utilitarian anchor on Phi-4/20 countries, incompatible with the main 0.346; 0.4252 also matches N=2 in another sweep. Tail safety reports mean Delta MIS 0.096 across 120 cells, while the six headline means imply 0.1015. A suite called nine checks displays eight rows. The arXiv page says 57 pages while the v2 PDF renders as 48. Oversampling with replacement duplicates scenarios and changes weights; it adds no independent information.
Public reproducibility cannot resolve these issues. The package contains TeX, bibliography, and five figures, but no code, derived WVS profiles, complete prompts, scenario IDs, logits, IS candidates, gates, responses, judge records, run-level results, full sweep, environment, or exact model revisions. Active text says reference implementations are in a code archive, while a source comment says code will be released after acceptance; no archive or repository is linked. A faithful reading is that DISCA lowers distance to AMCE averages for a favorably selected model set and often does so in a Claude-mediated open-ended track. It does not establish general cultural alignment, optimality of the full algorithm, normative legitimacy, minority protection, or independent reproducibility.