This study tests how seven persona vectors, evil, apathetic, hallucinating, humorous, impolite, optimistic, and sycophantic, together with their opposites, alter short-answer generation and automated educational scoring. It uses Qwen3-4B, Qwen3-32B, and gpt-oss-20b on the ten ASAP-SAS prompt sets spanning grade 8–10 science and English Language Arts (ELA). For each trait, five instruction variants per direction generate response pairs for 20 questions. GPT-4.1-mini retains responses scoring at least 50/100 for both trait manifestation and coherence. The vector is the mean difference between positive and negative response-token activations at a fixed layer near each model's midpoint; it is added without renormalization at α = ±2. In generation, 15 configurations per model produce ten answers per prompt set, yielding 1,500 per model and 4,500 overall. GPT-5.2 scores them against the rubric. Steering lowers quality in most conditions, but sensitivity varies: mean absolute positive-steering shift is .172 for Qwen3-4B and .021 for Qwen3-32B. The largest drops are humorous on Qwen3-4B (−.420), hallucinating on Qwen3-32B (−.063), and evil on gpt-oss-20b (−.443). Even apparently desirable directions, good, empathetic, factual, serious, polite, pessimistic, and candid, lower quality across all seven conditions for Qwen3-4B, supporting the interpretation that vectors often act as perturbations rather than clean style controls. ELA is more sensitive than science, especially literary analysis. However, version 2 is internally inconsistent: the text reports ELA/science ratios of 3.7× and 11× for Qwen3-4B and Qwen3-32B, while Figure 2 labels positive-steering ratios of 4.2× and 4.8×; the abstract retains “up to 11×.” For scoring, each model acts under 15 scorer personas and grades all 4,500 answers, approximately 202,500 decisions. Qwen mean shifts stay around ±.030; gpt-oss-20b changes much more: empathetic adds .233, factual subtracts .101, and hallucinating adds .142. Evil and impolite tend to grade more harshly, while good and optimistic are more lenient. ELA scoring varies 2.5–3× more than science; the censorship essay reaches a .338 range for Qwen3-4B versus .021 for cell transport. Shift directions correlate moderately across models: r = .50 (p = .068), .57 (.034), and .56 (.039), so only two pairs are significant before correction. The paper does not show the 15×15 matrix or interaction statistics needed to fully support the claim that no simulated learner type is differentially affected. All “learners” are LLM outputs, not students, and the main judge is also an LLM. Multiple Mann–Whitney tests use p < .05 without correction or intervals. Because α is applied to raw vectors whose norms may differ by trait, layer, and architecture, magnitude differences cannot be attributed to architecture alone. The evidence establishes calibration and degradation risks on this benchmark, not effects on learning, fairness for real students, or generalization to high-stakes assessment.
Research question
How does the steering of seven traits change the quality of short responses, how do those effects vary between science and ELA tasks, and how do simulated scorer and student personas interact in automatic scoring?