Eight engineers use SimPref for four weeks to choose among three GPT-4o candidates in six modules. The study collects 57,239 pairs, trains Qwen2.5-7B/14B and Llama-3.1-8B with SFT and DPO, and evaluates ten held-out events with three three-day episodes and GPT-5.2 and DeepSeek-3.2 judges.
Eight annotators, 30 training events, and 10 held-out events with four to eight agents. Each step has one human label and there is no overlap for estimating agreement. GPT-4o top-1 agreement with humans ranged from 29.3% to 51.4% by module. SFT produced the largest gains; DPO added smaller and uneven gains. For Qwen-14B, behavioral KL to the human reference fell from .610 to .084. Idleness fell from 31% to 22% and coordination rose from 8% to 36% in one reported contrast.
Each step is labeled by one person. The distribution is dominated by two modules. Evaluation depends on two LLM judges. No statistical inference for differences is reported. General-capability retention and transfer to other environments are not tested. It does not validate that agents simulate real people. It does not demonstrate representativeness of eight engineers preferences. It does not isolate DPO as the primary cause of improvement.