This short position paper, presented at the AAAI 2026 Bridge Program, proposes the Fluid Personality Framework so that a conversational agent does not keep a fixed identity and style but jointly adapts two dimensions on every turn. The first is metaphorical persona: the role the system presents to the user, such as planner, coach, cheerleader, tutor, friend, expert, library, guide, or tool. The second is personality-expression intensity, framed as low, medium, or high and realized through tone, affect, formality, concision, enthusiasm, agreeableness, or conscientiousness. The framework takes contextual factors, task type, domain, and urgency, and user-specific factors, traits and interaction history, as inputs. A persona module would select an appropriate role and use linguistic transitions to preserve coherence; a personality module would regulate stylistic strength within that role. The authors illustrate the concept with an agent that shifts from planner during goal setting to cheerleader when celebrating progress and tutor when explaining, or reduces agreeable small talk while increasing concision and conscientiousness for an urgent medical reminder. The motivation comes from previous literature, including the authors' own work: interface-metaphor studies suggest anthropomorphism does not always increase trust; a metaphor-fluid voice-agent study reports improved enjoyment, likability, and adoption intention without changes in perceived trust or intelligence; and a cited CHI 2026 study describes an inverted-U relationship in which medium personality expression outperforms low and high expression on user ratings. This paper combines those lines into a design schema, but it does not implement the selector, define a decision function, specify how user traits would be inferred safely, provide a prototype, or run a model evaluation, simulation, or human study. It also leaves unresolved how role changes should be disclosed, consent obtained, sensitive inferences prevented, stereotypes avoided, recognizable identity preserved, drift measured, and optimization goals governed. The claim that the framework can improve experience and effectiveness is a design hypothesis supported by external studies, not a result of the present paper. Its contribution is conceptual: it separates “who the agent appears to be” from “how intensely it expresses itself” and argues that both should be adapted together.
Research question
How should a conversational agent jointly adapt the metaphorical role it represents and the intensity of its personality expression according to the task, domain, urgency, objectives, traits, and history of the user?